BP204T. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Theory)

Unit-I (10 Hours)

Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation

• Introduction and Definitions:
  • Homeostasis
  • Components and Types of Feedback Systems
• Causes of Cellular Injury and Pathogenesis:
  • Cell membrane damage
  • Mitochondrial damage
  • Ribosome damage
  • Nuclear damage
• Morphology of Cell Injury:
  • Adaptive Changes:
    • Atrophy
    • Hypertrophy
    • Hyperplasia
    • Metaplasia
    • Dysplasia
  • Cell Swelling
  • Intracellular Accumulation
  • Calcification
  • Enzyme Leakage
  • Cell Death
• Acidosis and Alkalosis
• Electrolyte Imbalance

Basic Mechanism of Inflammation and Repair

• Introduction and Clinical Signs of Inflammation
• Types of Inflammation
• Mechanism of Inflammation:
  • Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow
  • Migration of WBCs
  • Mediators of Inflammation
• Basic Principles of Wound Healing in Skin
• Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

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Unit-II (10 Hours)

Cardiovascular System

• Hypertension
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Ischemic Heart Diseases:
  • Angina
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis

Respiratory System

• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Airways Diseases (COPD)

Renal System

• Acute Renal Failure
• Chronic Renal Failure

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Unit-III (10 Hours)

Hematological Diseases

• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency)
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Thalassemia
• Hereditary and Acquired Anemia
• Hemophilia

Endocrine System

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Thyroid Diseases
• Disorders of Sex Hormones

Nervous System

• Epilepsy
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Stroke
• Psychiatric Disorders:
  • Depression
  • Schizophrenia
  • Alzheimer’s Disease

Gastrointestinal System

• Peptic Ulcer

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Unit-IV (8 Hours)

Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases

• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Jaundice
• Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F)
• Alcoholic Liver Disease

Diseases of Bones and Joints

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gout

Principles of Cancer

• Classification
• Etiology
• Pathogenesis

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Unit-V (7 Hours)

Infectious Diseases

• Meningitis
• Typhoid
• Leprosy
• Tuberculosis
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• AIDS
• Syphilis
• Gonorrhea