Unit-I: The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies (10 Hours)
- Introduction to environmental studies and its importance.
- Natural Resources:
- Renewable and non-renewable resources.
- Problems associated with natural resources.
- Conservation and sustainable management of:
- Forest resources
- Water resources
- Mineral resources
- Food resources
- Energy resources
- Land resources
- Role of individuals in natural resource conservation.
Unit-II: Ecosystems (10 Hours)
- Concept of an ecosystem.
- Structure and function of ecosystems.
- Types, characteristics, and functions of ecosystems:
- Forest Ecosystem
- Grassland Ecosystem
- Desert Ecosystem
- Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds, Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries)
Unit-III: Environmental Pollution (10 Hours)
- Air Pollution: Causes, effects, and control measures.
- Water Pollution: Sources, impact on human health, and treatment methods.
- Soil Pollution: Causes, consequences, and soil conservation techniques.

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