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Unit-I: Benzene and Its Derivatives (10 Hours)
- Analytical, synthetic, and structural evidence for benzene structure.
- Orbital picture and resonance in benzene.
- Aromatic character and Huckel’s rule.
- Reactions: nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation (reactivity and limitations).
- Effects of substituents on electrophilic substitution reactions.
- Structures and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC, and Chloramine T.
Unit-II: Phenols, Aromatic Amines, and Aromatic Acids (10 Hours)
- Phenols: Acidity, effect of substituents, qualitative tests, structure, and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols.
- Aromatic Amines: Basicity, effect of substituents, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts.
- Aromatic Acids: Acidity, effect of substituents, and key reactions of benzoic acid.
Unit-III: Fats and Oils (10 Hours)
- Fatty Acids: Reactions such as hydrolysis, hydrogenation, saponification, and rancidity of oils.
- Drying Oils and their properties.
- Analytical Constants: Acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value, acetyl value, Reichert-Meissl (RM) value—significance and principles.
Unit-IV: Polynuclear Hydrocarbons (08 Hours)
- Synthesis and Reactions of polynuclear hydrocarbons.
- Structure and Medicinal Uses of naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, and their derivatives.
Unit-V: Cycloalkanes (07 Hours)
- Stability Analysis: Baeyer’s strain theory, its limitations, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse-Mohr theory (theory of strain-free rings).
- Reactions: Cyclopropane and cyclobutane reactions.
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