BP302T. Physical Pharmaceutics-I (Theory)

Unit-I: Solubility of Drugs

• Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute-solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association.
• Quantitative approach to factors influencing drug solubility and diffusion principles in biological systems.
• Solubility of gases in liquids and liquids in liquids (binary solutions, ideal solutions), Raoult’s law, real solutions.
• Partially miscible liquids, critical solution temperature, and applications.
• Distribution law, its limitations, and applications.

Unit-II: States of Matter and Properties of Matter

• State of matter, changes in state, latent heats, vapor pressure, sublimation, critical point, eutectic mixtures.
• Gases and aerosols, inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states.
• Solids: crystalline, amorphous, and polymorphism.
• Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations, and applications.

Unit-III: Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon

• Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions, surface free energy.
• Measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient.
• Adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface-active agents, HLB scale, solubilization, detergency.
• Adsorption at solid interfaces.

Unit-IV: Complexation and Protein Binding

• Introduction and classification of complexation.
• Applications and methods of analysis.
• Protein binding, complexation and drug action.
• Crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.

Unit-V: pH, Buffers, and Isotonic Solutions

• Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination (electrometric and calorimetric).
• Applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity.
• Buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems.
• Buffered isotonic solutions.