BP304T. Pharmaceutical Engineeringa

Unit-I: Flow of Fluids and Size Reduction

• Flow of Fluids: Understanding fluid dynamics, types of manometers, significance of Reynolds number, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, energy losses, and flow measurement devices like Orifice meter, Venturi meter, Pitot tube, and Rotameter.
• Size Reduction: Importance, mechanisms, and laws governing size reduction. Study of Hammer mill, Ball mill, Fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill, and End runner mill including their principles, construction, working, advantages, and limitations.
• Size Separation: Principles, official standards of powders, sieve analysis, and mechanisms of size separation. Overview of devices like Sieve shaker, Cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter, and Elutriation tank.

Unit-II: Heat Transfer, Evaporation, and Distillation

• Heat Transfer: Mechanisms of heat transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation. Overview of Fourier’s law, heat exchangers, and interchangers.
• Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation, comparison with other heat processes, and principles behind different evaporators like Steam jacketed kettle, Horizontal tube evaporator, Climbing film evaporator, Forced circulation evaporator, and Multiple effect evaporator.
• Distillation: Principles of Simple, Flash, Fractional, Reduced pressure, Steam, and Molecular distillation.

Unit-III: Drying and Mixing

• Drying: Mechanisms and applications of drying, equilibrium moisture content, and drying curve. Overview of Tray dryer, Drum dryer, Spray dryer, Fluidized bed dryer, Vacuum dryer, and Freeze dryer.
• Mixing: Differences in mixing of solids, liquids, and semi-solids. Study of Double cone blender, Twin shell blender, Ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, Planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles, and Silverson Emulsifier.

Unit-IV: Filtration and Centrifugation

• Filtration: Factors influencing filtration, theories, filter aids, and filter media. Overview of filtration equipment like Plate & frame filter, Filter leaf, Rotary drum filter, Meta filter, Cartridge filter, Membrane filters, and Seitz filter.
• Centrifugation: Principles and applications of centrifugation techniques. Study of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, Semi-continuous centrifuge, and Super centrifuge.

Unit-V: Materials of Construction and Corrosion Prevention

• Materials in Pharmaceutical Plant Construction: Factors affecting material selection, corrosion mechanisms, and prevention strategies. Study of Ferrous and non-ferrous metals, inorganic and organic non-metals.
• Material Handling Systems: Basics of material handling and storage techniques in the pharmaceutical industry.