BP401T. Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – III

Unit-I: Stereo Isomerism

• Optical isomerism: Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereomerism, meso compounds.
• Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules.
• DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature.
• Reactions of chiral molecules.
• Racemic modification and resolution of racemic mixture.
• Asymmetric synthesis: partial and absolute.

Unit-II: Geometrical and Conformational Isomerism

• Geometrical isomerism: Nomenclature (Cis-Trans, E-Z, Syn-Anti systems), methods of determination of configuration.
• Conformational isomerism in Ethane, n-Butane, and Cyclohexane.
• Stereo isomerism in biphenyl compounds (Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical activity.
• Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions.

Unit-III: Heterocyclic Compounds

• Nomenclature and classification.
• Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene.
• Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene.

Unit-IV: Advanced Heterocyclic Compounds

• Synthesis, reactions, and medicinal uses of Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, and Thiazole.
• Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine, and Indole.
• Basicity of Pyridine.
• Synthesis and medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, Azepines, and their derivatives.

Unit-V: Reactions of Synthetic Importance

• Metal hydride reduction (NaBH₄ and LiAlH₄), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff-Kishner reduction.
• Oppenauer oxidation and Dakin reaction.
• Beckmann’s rearrangement and Schmidt rearrangement.
• Claisen-Schmidt condensation.