BP403T Physical Pharmaceutics II

Unit I: Colloidal Dispersions

• Classification of dispersed systems and their general characteristics.
• Size and shapes of colloidal particles.
• Classification of colloids and comparative account of their general properties.
• Optical, kinetic, and electrical properties of colloids.
• Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization, and protective action.

Unit II: Rheology & Deformation of Solids

• Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature.
• Non-Newtonian systems: pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy.
• Thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity.
• Capillary, falling sphere, and rotational viscometers.
• Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation.
• Stress, strain, and elastic modulus.

Unit III: Coarse Dispersions

• Suspensions: Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions.
• Formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions.
• Emulsions: Theories of emulsification, microemulsion, and multiple emulsions.
• Stability and preservation of emulsions.
• Rheological properties and emulsion formulation by the HLB method.

Unit IV: Micromeritics

• Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight distribution.
• Methods for determining particle size using different techniques.
• Particle shape, specific surface area determination, permeability, and adsorption.
• Derived properties of powders: porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness, and flow properties.

Unit V: Drug Stability & Reaction Kinetics

• Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order reactions.
• Determination of reaction order.
• Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical products.
• Factors affecting stability: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant.
• Specific and general acid-base catalysis.
• Stabilization of medicinal agents against hydrolysis and oxidation.
• Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
• Photolytic degradation and its prevention.